Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant activity and Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of the leaf petiole of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., A traditionally used medicine

Abstract

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. belonging to family Moraceae is commonly known as jackfruit. The leaves, fruit, bark and roots have diverse medicinal properties and are used in the various traditional and folk systems of medicine to treat a variety of ailments. The present work evaluates the phytochemical screening, antioxidant property and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of the leaf petiole of A. heterophyllus.  Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, tannins and cardiac glycosides. Total phenolic content of the extract was estimated using Folin- Ciocalteau spectrometric method as 2.89 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of leaf extract. The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The IC₅₀ values of the ethanol extract of the plant for scavenging DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide were estimated as 152.2 ± 0.09 µg/ml, 941.17 ± 0.08 µg/ml and 154.1 ± 0.08 µg/ml respectively. The antibacterial activity of A. heterophyllus petiole extract was examined against five bacterial species namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar well diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of bioactive compounds responsible for the antioxidant activities. Therefore, it could be a potential source of natural antioxidant with adverse therapeutic properties. 

Keywords

Phenolic, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Artocarpus heterophyllus

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