Volume 14, No. 1.0Scholar : National School of Leadership

The rapid development of communication technologies has transformed the manner in which individuals exchange information, participate in public discourse, and engage in collective action. Social media platforms have emerged as influential communication tools that facilitate instant interaction, information dissemination, and political mobilization. These digital platforms allow users to create personal networks, share multimedia content, and participate in discussions without dependence on traditional media channels. In recent years, social media has played a significant role in shaping political activism and social movements across different regions of the world. One of the most notable examples is the Arab Spring, a series of political uprisings and protest movements that spread across the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010. This study examines the relationship between social media and social movements, with particular emphasis on the role of social networking platforms during the Arab Spring. The research concludes that social media was not the sole cause of the Arab Spring; however, it functioned as a powerful communication and organizational medium that significantly contributed to the mobilization and expansion of these movements.

Employee engagement has emerged as a significant concept in modern human resource management because of its strong influence on organizational effectiveness and sustainable competitive advantage. Engaged employees demonstrate enthusiasm, dedication, emotional attachment, and active involvement in organizational activities. The present study reviews and synthesizes earlier scholarly work related to employee engagement, its conceptual foundations, theoretical models, antecedents, consequences, and mediating mechanisms. The review identifies major organizational, psychological, and personal factors that influence engagement levels among employees. Furthermore, the study highlights the positive effects of engagement on employee productivity, organizational commitment, innovation, job satisfaction, retention, and overall organizational performance. Previous empirical findings reveal inconsistent relationships between engagement and its determinants across industries and cultural contexts, indicating the need for further investigation. This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge by providing a structured understanding of employee engagement and its strategic importance in contemporary organizations.

Women entrepreneurship has emerged as an important driver of economic growth, employment generation, and social transformation across developing economies. In India, the increasing participation of women in entrepreneurial activities has contributed significantly to income generation, innovation, and community development. Entrepreneurial initiatives undertaken by women not only strengthen household financial stability but also promote inclusive economic progress at the national level. Despite the growing recognition of women-owned enterprises, female entrepreneurs continue to encounter numerous barriers such as limited financial access, inadequate training, social constraints, market competition, and lack of institutional support.

The present study examines the role of women entrepreneurship in economic development while identifying the major opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in India and other developing economies. The paper further highlights the socio-economic factors influencing women entrepreneurship and proposes strategic measures for strengthening female entrepreneurial participation. The study emphasizes that empowering women through education, training, financial assistance, and policy support can significantly enhance national productivity and sustainable development.

During the last numerous years, affiliations have been under pressure to make changes and to upgrade. One of the segments of the best effect totally are new advances, especially information propels, which made the market globalization growing and rising of new affiliation structures like key associations and alliances. The interest for agreements and their obligation to presentations of accessory affiliations is getting higher in present day conditions. A headway today should not be seen as the consequence of simply a solitary performer, nonetheless as the eventual outcome of cooperation between somewhere around two get-togethers. The headway cycle should be treated as а multidiscipline and multidimensional connection in which а mind boggling number of people share. With quick or indirect affiliations and through different correspondence channels, affiliation can advance toward wide scope of other affiliation resources, and this enables creation of greater number of exercises with lower hypotheses and threats.

In the contemporary business environment, employer branding has emerged as a critical strategic function that integrates human resource management with corporate communication. Organizations increasingly utilize social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube to strengthen their employer image, attract qualified talent, and maintain long-term relationships with employees and stakeholders. The growing dependence on digital communication has transformed social networking platforms into influential tools for organizational image building and employee engagement. This study examines the role of employer branding through social media in shaping corporate image and enhancing organizational attractiveness. The paper further explores the significance of social media in recruitment, employee interaction, knowledge sharing, and talent retention. Human resource professionals are actively employing digital networking platforms to identify and recruit skilled candidates from diverse talent pools. The study concludes that effective employer branding contributes significantly to organizational reputation, employee commitment, and competitive advantage in a dynamic corporate landscape.

The growing challenges associated with climate change, environmental degradation, and resource depletion have increased the importance of sustainable business practices across industries worldwide. Organizations are increasingly experiencing pressure from governments, consumers, and stakeholders to adopt environmentally responsible operational strategies. In this context, Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has emerged as a significant approach for improving supply chain governance while promoting sustainability and long-term competitiveness. This study examines the role of sustainable supply chain models in enhancing supply chain governance and organizational performance. The research explores green logistics, green manufacturing, renewable energy integration, ecological design, green procurement, and environmental management systems as major dimensions of sustainable supply chain management. The study further highlights how environmentally responsible supply chain practices contribute to cost reduction, operational efficiency, environmental protection, and corporate reputation. The findings indicate that integrating sustainability into supply chain operations not only improves environmental performance but also strengthens competitive advantage and long-term organizational sustainability.

The banking industry serves as a fundamental pillar of economic development by mobilizing financial resources and extending institutional credit to productive sectors of the economy. Among various banking initiatives, Priority Sector Lending (PSL) has emerged as a significant policy instrument introduced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to ensure equitable distribution of credit and promote inclusive economic growth. PSL aims to channel institutional finance toward sectors that are economically essential but often underserved due to inadequate access to formal credit. These sectors include agriculture, micro and small enterprises, education, housing, renewable energy, export activities, and socially weaker sections of society.

The Reserve Bank of India periodically revises PSL guidelines to strengthen financial inclusion and address emerging developmental priorities. The revised guidelines issued in September 2020 introduced several structural modifications aimed at encouraging sustainable development, renewable energy financing, agricultural infrastructure, and support for small and marginal farmers. Despite substantial policy interventions, PSL continues to face challenges such as procedural delays, rising non-performing assets (NPAs), inadequate outreach to intended beneficiaries, and uneven credit distribution.

The present study examines the evolution, categories, objectives, and growth trends of Priority Sector Lending in India, with special reference to commercial banks. The study also evaluates major operational challenges and reviews existing literature related to PSL performance and its implications for economic development.

Strategic communication management has emerged as a critical component of organizational success in contemporary business environments. This article presents a comprehensive conceptual perspective on the relationship between communication management and corporate strategy by examining strategy as both a decision-making and interpretative process. The study reviews major approaches in strategic management research, including prescriptive and descriptive perspectives, and integrates them into the domain of communication management. The article highlights the interdependence between strategy formulation, stakeholder engagement, and organizational sensemaking. Two major dimensions of communication management—problem definition and stakeholder identification—are used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. The study argues that communication management intentionally shapes decision-making environments and contributes to both retrospective and prospective organizational interpretation processes. Furthermore, the article explains how strategic communication supports corporate strategy by facilitating interpretation, coordination, and organizational adaptation. By combining decision-making theory with interpretative perspectives, the paper offers a broader understanding of communication management strategy and contributes to ongoing discussions regarding strategy content and strategy process research.

Globalization has significantly transformed the structure, reach, and influence of mass media across the world. Advances in communication technologies have enabled instantaneous transmission of information, thereby creating an interconnected global communication environment. Over the last one and a half centuries, developments in telegraphy, satellite broadcasting, fiber-optic networks, and digital communication systems have revolutionized journalism and reshaped the operations of international news agencies. The emergence of global media institutions has facilitated the rapid dissemination of information while simultaneously influencing cultural integration, political awareness, and public opinion formation across nations.

This study examines the relationship between globalization and media communication with particular emphasis on the historical evolution of international news agencies. The paper explores the rise of modern journalism, the expansion of global news networks, and the transformation of communication systems from telegraphic transmission to internet-based multimedia platforms. It further analyzes the role played by major news agencies in the creation of global communication infrastructures and investigates recent developments in digital journalism and continuous news broadcasting. The study concludes that international news agencies continue to remain central actors in the global media ecosystem despite increasing competition from digital media platforms and online news networks.

In the contemporary business environment, organizations are compelled to adapt continuously in order to maintain competitiveness and sustain long-term growth. Employee performance plays a central role in determining organizational success, as human resources remain one of the most valuable assets within any institution. Organizational transformation, whether structural, technological, or strategic, directly influences employee productivity, attitudes, and workplace behavior. This study examines the relationship between organizational change and employee performance by evaluating various change management approaches and theoretical perspectives. The paper further explores how transformation initiatives affect employee engagement, resistance, and operational efficiency. The research relies primarily on secondary data sources, including academic journals, books, reports, and scholarly publications, analyzed through content analysis techniques. Findings indicate that successful organizational transformation depends largely on effective communication, employee involvement, leadership support, and strategic planning. The study concludes that organizations must prioritize employees during periods of change in order to achieve sustainable development, improved productivity, and long-term organizational effectiveness.

Communication constitutes a fundamental managerial instrument that significantly influences organizational performance, employee coordination, and institutional success. In contemporary business environments, effective managerial communication supports decision-making, strengthens interpersonal relationships, and improves operational efficiency. The success of an organization depends not only on administrative competence but also on the ability of managers to communicate objectives, motivate employees, and create collaborative work cultures. This study explores the significance of managerial communication within organizations, emphasizing its contribution to productivity, employee engagement, organizational culture, and strategic management. The paper further examines internal and external communication systems, communication barriers, motivational dimensions, and the role of communication in decision-making and organizational development. The findings indicate that effective communication enhances organizational harmony, supports teamwork, and contributes substantially to sustainable organizational growth.

The Indian capital market offers investors a wide range of financial instruments that support portfolio diversification and long-term wealth creation. Among these investment alternatives, mutual funds have emerged as one of the most preferred avenues for retail and institutional investors due to their professional management, diversification benefits, and liquidity features. Open-ended mutual fund schemes, particularly equity-oriented funds, have gained considerable attention because of their potential to generate attractive returns with comparatively manageable risk levels. This study evaluates the performance of selected open-ended equity mutual fund schemes in India by examining the relationship between risk and return across large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap categories. The analysis employs statistical and financial performance indicators such as Jensen’s Alpha, Beta, Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Measure, Relative Performance Index, and Standard Deviation. The findings reveal that a majority of the selected schemes performed effectively despite market volatility. The study also emphasizes the importance of assessing risk-adjusted performance indicators before making investment decisions. The outcomes of this research are expected to assist investors in selecting suitable mutual fund schemes for future investments.